Fig. 6
From: Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders
Lava level fluctuations with deflation-inflation cycles during 2022. A, B) Thermal images from the F1cam webcam (Patrick et al. 2022b) showing high and low stands of the lava level in Halemaʻumaʻu crater. C) Lava lake elevation tracked with the laser rangefinder, showing periodic fluctuations with an amplitude of 5–6 m. D) Ground tilt (radial component) from tiltmeter UWE at Kīlauea summit, showing deflation-inflation cycles in the summit magma reservoir, corresponding to lava level fluctuations (Ellis and Johanson 2024). This correlation was also observed in the 2008–2018 lava lake (Patrick et al. 2015)