Fig. 3
From: Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders
Photos of the field installations. (A) The 2018 laser rangefinder setup, which was installed shortly before the onset of lava lake draining. This photo shows the laser rangefinder, in a grey enclosure, situated on a yellow surveyor’s tripod and weighed down with rocks. At the time of this photo on May 6, 2018, the lake had dropped about 200 m over the previous four days. This unit was destroyed just days later when the crater rim collapsed. USGS photo by Kyle Anderson. (B) The 2021-present laser rangefinder setup. The unit is pointed at the active lava lake in the western portion of Halemaʻumaʻu crater; this lake is surrounded by solidified lava comprising the crater floor. Photo taken September 25, 2022. USGS photo by Matt Patrick