Fig. 2
From: Monitoring lava lake fluctuations and crater refilling with continuous laser rangefinders
Infilling of Halemaʻumaʻu crater, at the summit of Kīlauea, since 2020. (A) The 2019 digital elevation model (DEM) shows topography following the 2018 caldera collapse. Halemaʻumaʻu formed the deepest portion of the caldera. (B) DEM from 2023 showing the infilling of Halemaʻumaʻu with new lava between 2020–2023. The laser rangefinder, installed in December 2020, is on the western caldera rim. (C) An east-west profile showing a transect across the caldera, and the 400 m of infilling in Halemaʻumaʻu between 2020 and 2023