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Table 2 Image sources used in this studys and their characteristic camera locations, Crater Lake views, and overall image qualities. High quality images had relatively high pixel resolution and captured the entire lake surface, providing confidence that all lake observations were identified correctly. Medium quality images showed most of the lake, but had relatively low pixel resolution, resulting in a moderate possibility that lake observations were missed. Low quality images only showed small areas of the lake and had relatively low pixel resolution, and thus were generally not catalogued

From: Observations of Ruapehu Crater Lake (Te Wai ā-moe) and implications for lake dynamics and volcano monitoring

Image source

Dates taken

Camera location(s)

View of Crater Lake

Image quality

This study

2021

Dome

Low angle

High

GNS Science gas flight

2003 – 2022

Fixed wing aircraft

Low angle

High

GNS Science sampling trip

1960 – 2022

Helicopter, Crater Lake outlet

High, and very low angle

High

Ngāti Rangi, a local Māori tribe

2014 – 2016

Dome

Low angle

Moderate

Department of Conservation (DOC)

1995 – 2018

Helicopter, Fixed wing aircraft, Dome, Crater Lake outlet

High, low, and very low angle

Moderate-high

Hikers

1902 – 2020

Tahurangi Peak, Dome, Crater Lake outlet and rim

Medium, low, and very low angle

Low–high

Literature

1926 – 2008

Helicopter, Fixed wing aircraft, Dome, Crater Lake outlet and rim

High, medium, and low angle

Low-medium