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Fig. 1 | Journal of Applied Volcanology

Fig. 1

From: Improving volcanic ash fragility functions through laboratory studies: example of surface transportation networks

Fig. 1

Post-1980 reports of (a) road, (b) rail and (c) airport impacts following volcanic eruptions worldwide. There are few recorded impacts to transportation from tephra before 1980. Note that the only known reported impacts to maritime transportation since 1980 are from pumice rafts causing abrasion to vessels and obstruction to navigation. These are not shown graphically as they cannot be associated with thickness measurements

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Journal of Applied Volcanology

ISSN: 2191-5040

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