Fig. 4

a Example plot of predicted peak ground acceleration with changing distance using two European GMPE’s for different magnitude ranges modified after Akkar and Bommer (2007) and Bommer et al. (2007); (b) Example plot of volcanic ash load attenuation relationships using three ALPEs generated through dispersal modelling for this study (ALPE 100 - VEI 3; ALPE 150 - VEI 4; ALPE 201 - VEI 5)